Apr
Coaxial Needle Electro-spinning: Principle, Advantages, and Applications
Coaxial Needle Electro-spinning: Principle, Advantages, and Applications. Coaxial needle electrospinning is a versatile electrospinning technique that allows the formation of core-shell structured fibers, where the core and shell can be composed of different materials. The coaxial needle electrospinning technique involves the use of a coaxial spinneret, where two concentric needles are used to deliver two different polymer solutions or melts. The outer needle delivers the shell material, while the inner needle delivers the core material. The two materials are then simultaneously electrospun, resulting in the formation of core-shell structured fibers. In this article, we will discuss electrospinning the principle, advantages, and applications of coaxial needle electrospinning.
Principle
The principle of coaxial needle electrospinning is based on the use of a coaxial spinneret, which consists of two concentric needles. The inner needle delivers the core material, while the outer needle delivers the shell material. Both needles are connected to separate syringe pumps, which deliver the respective polymer electrospinning solutions or melts to the spinneret. The spinneret is then connected to a high-voltage power supply, which generates an electric field to draw the electrospinning polymer solutions or melts to the collector. The resulting fibers are then solidified on the collector, forming core-shell structured fibers.
Coaxial Needle Electro-spinning Advantages
Coaxial needle electrospinning offers several advantages over conventional electrospinning techniques. Firstly, it allows the formation of core-shell structured fibers, which can have unique properties and applications. For example, the core can provide mechanical electrospinning support or act as a drug reservoir, while the shell can provide controlled release or bioactivity. Secondly, it allows the use of multiple polymers or materials in a single electrospinning process, enabling the formation of composite fibers or coatings. Thirdly, it offers greater control over the fiber morphology and properties, as the core and shell can be independently optimized.
Coaxial Needle Electro-spinning Applications
Coaxial needle electrospinning has numerous applications in various fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, energy storage, and sensing. In tissue engineering, coaxial needle electrospinning can be used to create scaffolds with controlled porosity and mechanical properties, as well as to incorporate bioactive molecules or cells. In drug delivery, coaxial needle electrospinning can be used to create drug-loaded fibers with controlled release kinetics and targeted delivery. In energy storage, coaxial needle electrospinning can be used to create electrode materials with high surface area and conductivity, as well as to incorporate functional materials such as catalysts or sensors. In sensing, coaxial needle electrospinning can be used to create fibers with specific sensing properties, such as selective adsorption or fluorescence.
Coaxial Needle Electro-spinning Conclusion
Coaxial needle electrospinning is a versatile electrospinning technique that offers several advantages over conventional electrospinning techniques, including the formation of core-shell structured fibers, the use of multiple polymers or materials, and greater control over the fiber morphology and properties. Coaxial needle electrospinning has numerous applications in various fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, energy storage, and sensing. With further development and optimization, coaxial needle electrospinning has the potential to become a key technique for the creation of advanced functional materials.
3D Cell Culture
- Designed to imitate the lined up and also oriented parts of the body such as:
- White matter within the mind
- The central nervous system
- Cardiac tissue, skeletal muscle mass, and also lots of others
- Straightened matrices will certainly supply appropriate physical structure causing the wanted electrospinning physical responses of cardiomyocytes, neurons, myoblasts, and so on
- Give an excellent 3D substrate for high-throughput, real-time imaging as well as metrology, and also cell chemotaxis, movement or invasion assays.
Cancer
- Our nanofibers are optically clear to permit live-cell imaging and actual time metrology of cell wheelchair using an upside down microscope
- Nanofibers mimic the 3D topography discovered in vivo which generates a more practical electrospinning mobile feedback to therapies
- Extra realistic mobile habits indicates you can make use of less pets and also lower time-to-market for medicine exploration as well as development
- Our nanofibers can conveniently be coated with ECM proteins making use of existing methods for typical laboratory ware
- Cells can be easily gotten rid of for healthy protein or gene analysis utilizing trypsin, EDTA, and so on.
Stem Cell
- Greater development rates of stem cells on nanofiber scaffolds versus standard flat surfaces
- Our nanofibers maintain stem cell pluripotency during expansion as well as assistance control distinction into the preferred cell kind
- Our nanofibers are artificial with no animal derived by-products which helps with electrospinning greater reproducibility as well as scientific applications
- Compatible with common immunohistochemistry discoloration for recognition of phenotypic pens
- Our nanofiber scaffolds can be used in large commercial bioreactors or in disposable bag bioreactors.
In vitro Disease Models
- Greater growth prices of stem cells on nanofiber scaffolds versus basic level surfaces
- Our nanofibers maintain stem cell pluripotency during growth in addition to assistance control difference right into the preferred cell kind
- Our nanofibers are man-made without any animal acquired spin-offs which helps electrospinning with higher reproducibility in addition to scientific applications
- Suitable with common immunohistochemistry staining for recognition of phenotypic pens
- Our nanofiber scaffolds can be used in huge industrial bioreactors or in disposable bag bioreactors.
High Throughput Screening
- Enhance medication effectiveness as well as toxicity screening
- Reduce time to market as well as decrease medical failures by beginning with a more realistic culture
- Cellular reaction on a 3-D substrate will substantially lower electrospinning animal screening
- Our nanofiber plates have typical external measurements and also will work with existing automatic handling as well as imaging devices
Production of nanofibers of pullulan biopolymer by electrospinning process
Pullulan is a water-soluble microbial exopolysaccharide created by the yeast-like fungi, Aureobasidium pullulans. It is a copolymer with the chemical structure [→ 6)- α-d-glucopyranosyl- (1 → 4)- α-d-glucopyranosyl-( 1 → 4)- α-d-glucopyranosyl-( 1 →] n. It is viewed as a sequence of α-( 1 → 6)- connected (1 → 4)- α-d-triglucosides, i.e., maltotriose (G3) (Singh et al., 2008). As per the most up to date research study, the weight average, number-average, and also Z ordinary molecular weights of the pullulan were 207,000, 56,000 and also 500,000 g/mol, respectively (Haghighatpanah et al., 2020). It is a really appealing biopolymer having a wide variety of industrial applications. However, because of its greater cost when compared to that of oil based polymers, using pullulan is restricted just to particular niche locations like drug shipment, gene targeting, cells engineering, plasma replacement, chaperone-like activity, medical imaging, as well as pharmaceutical does formation (Singh et al., 2017). To enhance their applications in different areas, novel techniques of production as well as more recent locations of premium applications need to be checked out. Nanotechnology uses diversified range in different locations of production, characterization and applications of materials.
Nanomaterials can be created by top-down approach or by bottom-up method
Based upon the product property and also production technique, we can generate nanoparticles or nanofibers. Conventionally, polymeric products are exchanged nanofibers to boost their practical properties. One easy and also power reliable technique for manufacturing of nanofibers is electrospinning, wherein high voltage is applied to produce nanofibers from polymer service or polymer melt. The created nanofibers via elec trospinning exhibition really high surface to volume ratio and the developed mat will certainly have excellent porosity. This strategy supplies a scope for the use of pullulan in its nanofiber form for numerous luxury applications. In this work, pullulan polymer was extracted from the yeast like fungus, A. pullulans, cleansed and also utilized for the production of nanofiber. The polymer was precipitated from the medium with equivalent volume of isopropyl alcohol. The purified pullulan was beige coloured great powder. A maximum return of 60 g/L was accomplished under solid state fermentation procedure (making use of wheat bran as substrate). Number 1 shows the electrospinning optical microscopic view of hyphae of A. pullulans (a phylloplane isolate from the leaves of Peltophorum types). Number 2 shows the schematic sight of electrospinning configuration used in this work. The syringe pump was utilized for the controlled shipment of pullulan solution. Aluminium aluminum foil was used as an enthusiast. For grain much less nanofiber formation, PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) was contributed to pullulan at 50% degree and also the solution was made in pure water. The maximized electrospinning criteria (to produce cool nanofibers) of applied voltage, circulation rate, polymer concentration and also needle to enthusiast range were 20 kV, 0.5 mL/h, 18% pullulan and also 15 cm, respectively. During the application of high voltage, the Taylor cone shows up at the idea of needle and created into nanofibers and deposited in the collection agency.
Production of Nanofibers: Techniques, Advantages, and Applications
Nanofibers are fibers with diameters in the nanometer range. They possess unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, high mechanical strength, and high flexibility, which make them ideal for use in a wide range of applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, filtration, sensors, and energy storage. In this article, we will discuss the different techniques used for the production of nanofibers, their advantages, and applications.
Electrospinning
Electrospinning is a widely used technique for the production of nanofibers. It involves the use of a high voltage electric field to generate a charged polymer jet, which is then stretched and deposited on a collector to form a fibrous mat. Electrospinning offers several advantages over other techniques, such as its simplicity, scalability, and the ability to produce nanofibers from a wide range of polymers and materials.
Electrospinning can be used to produce nanofibers with various morphologies, such as aligned, random, or patterned, depending on the collector used. The properties of electrospun nanofibers can be further tuned by controlling the process parameters such as voltage, flow rate, electrospinning and distance between the spinneret and the collector.
Other Techniques
Other techniques used for the production of nanofibers include solution blowing, centrifugal spinning, and melt spinning. Solution blowing involves the use of compressed air or nitrogen to produce a fine polymer jet, which is then stretched and deposited on a collector to form nanofibers. Centrifugal spinning involves spinning a polymer solution or melt at high speeds to generate nanofibers. Melt spinning involves the extrusion of a polymer melt through a spinneret to form nanofibers.
Advantages
Nanofibers possess several advantages over conventional fibers. They have a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them ideal for use in applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. Nanofibers can also be easily functionalized with various materials and molecules, such as drugs, enzymes, and nanoparticles, which can be used to enhance their properties or to impart specific functionalities.
Nanofibers can be produced from a wide range of polymers and materials, which electrospinning allows for the creation of fibers with specific properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. Additionally, the use of nanofibers can reduce material consumption, as they require less material to achieve the same level of performance as conventional fibers.
The collected nanofiber was defined by atomic force microscope , geared up with 90 μm scanner, operated in tapping mode at ambient problem. The silicon nitride cantilever (springtime continuous, 40 N/m) was utilized for the scanning. Figure 3 shows the 2D and also 3D photos of pullulan nanofibers. As seen from the AFM photos, the size of nanofibers accumulated remained in the submicron array (1 to 3 microns). The nanofibers developed were cool and also overlapped (to form a mat), without the development of beads. Bead-less nanofibers can be achieved only with the addi tion of PVA (Qian et al., 2016). Pullulan is non-mutagenic, non-toxic, odor free, as well as edible polymer with superb movie forming residential or commercial properties; for this reason it is widely made use of in diverse applications that consist of food as well as farming, fabrics, cosmetics, adhesives, paints and electrospinning also pharmaceuticals (Sugumaran and Ponnusami, 2017). AFM nanoindentation technique was made use of to analyse the Youthful’s modulus of the created pullulan nanofibers. The flexible modulus was derived from the pressure curve by plotting the used tons versus the deepness of infiltration. The in-built software was utilized to evaluate the pullulan nanofibers, transferred on the surface of fresh cleaved mica. Around 10 nanofibers were evaluated, with five nanoindentation areas on each fibers. The typical value of Young’s modulus of the ready pullulan nanofibers was 8.59 ± 1.78 MPa. These values undergo mistakes because the nanofibers were overlaid on each various other at some areas and also specific positioning of the probe on the centre might not be accomplished on the cylindrical fibers. For far better understanding, the pullulan nanofibers were analysed by scanning electron mi croscopy and a depictive micrograph is given up Figure 4. In accordance with the AFM pictures, the dimension of the larger pullulan nanofibers remained in the variety of 1 to 2 microns in SEM im age. Additionally, nanofibers with the size much less than 100 nm were also observed in SEM photo. A current testimonial put together different work being carried out regarding the flocculating as well as adsorption residential properties of pullulan derivatives and their use in wastewater treatment To conclude, electrospinning of pullulan with PVA to develop nanofibers is a basic as well as
scalable strategy to boost the utilization of pullulan in different locations of applications.
Applications
Nanofibers have numerous applications in various fields, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, filtration, sensors, and energy storage. In tissue engineering, nanofibers can be used to create scaffolds with specific mechanical and biological properties, which can be used to promote tissue regeneration and repair. In drug delivery, nanofibers can be used to create drug-loaded fibers with controlled release kinetics and targeted delivery. In filtration, nanofibers can be used to create filters with high electrospinning filtration efficiency and low pressure drop. In sensors, nanofibers can be used to create fibers with specific sensing properties, such as selective adsorption or fluorescence. In energy storage, nanofibers can be used to create electrode materials with high surface area and conductivity, as well as to incorporate functional materials such as catalysts or sensors.
Electrospinning technique generates uniform nanofiber mat from the service of pullulan and PVA, with water as solvent.
The created nanofiber floor covering was evaluated for its morphology by EM as well as electrospinning AFM; and Young’s modulus by AFM. Due to its self-standing nanofiber mat struc ture with high porosity, pullulan nanofiber mat can find prospective applications in diversified
locations.
The production of nanofibers has become an increasingly important field due to the unique properties of nanofibers and their numerous applications. Techniques such as electrospinning, solution blowing…
